Chapter+5+Key+Terms

=Chapter 5 Key Terms=

· ** Tyranny ** - A form of government in which one political body, or one person, has absolute power and authority. This type of government was strongly resisted and opposed by the colonists. · ** Common Sense ** - An extremely influential pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. Common Sense advised and argued that the colonists should stop focusing on and blaming British ministers or the British Parliament for all colonial problems and chaos. Instead, the colonists should target the corrupt English constitution and the King of England. The pamphlet stated that it was common sense to break away from the British Empire. This caused many colonists to rise up against the British. · ** John Locke ** - An influential writer who emerged during the Enlightenment period in Europe. Locke based his theory and philosophies on the fact that every person is born with natural rights. When people elect a government, they give up some of their rights and establish a contract with that government in which the government must represent the people. When a government does not represent the citizens, or in other words violates that contract, the citizens can overthrow or replace the government. Many later politicians used Locke's philosophies as the backbone of their ideas. · ** Sovereignty ** - The status of having main authority or power. Most arguments and disagreements between political groups were due to the question that who had sovereignty in the government. · ** Tory ** - Another name for Loyalists, or the people who opposed the war against Britain. Some Tories went along with the war as long as the colonial relations with the King of Britain we not disturbed. · ** Saratoga ** - A significant battle took place at Saratoga during the American Revolution. On October 17, 1777, John Burgoyne, a British leader, had to surrender to Horatio Gates, an America leader. This was a major turning point in the war between the colonies and Britain because after they defeated the British in this battle, the Americans formed alliances with some European nations, especially and significantly France, who supplied the Americans with war equipment and loans. This boosted the American approach to the war since the Americans lacked funds and war supplies. · ** Treaty of Paris ** - Signed on September 3, 1783 between the United States and Britain, The Treaty of Paris recognized the United States as an independent nation. Also, the United States received the region from the southern boundary of Canada to the northern boundary of Florida, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River under its possession. The Treaty basically ended the major hostilities between the two nations. · ** Iroquois Confederacy ** - The name of the group consisting of six Native American tribes that had formed a defensive alliance. The alliance formed for many reasons but the major reason was the expansion of Europeans in the New World. The Natives felt unsecure and five tribes, one joined in later, formed this unification to defend themselves from and resist the European, especially English, colonists. The Iroquois Confederacy later made temporary alliances with some European nations such Britain and France. · ** Republicanism ** - The ideal structure of the government of the revolutionary American citizens. Republicanism would establish a government in which the power was with the people and came from the people instead of a supreme political body or person (i.e. a king). · ** Shay's Rebellion ** - In 1786, Daniel Shays, along with other western Massachusetts farmers, rose up against the government and issued their demands for it to fulfill. The demands included terms such as the start of paper money, end to taxation, and an end to the imprisonment policy for debt. However, Shay’s Rebellion was unsuccessful in achieving what they wanted, but it proved to be a catalyst for an important movement. The movement for the creation of a new stronger constitution gained support throughout the United States. · ** Camp Followers ** - Women who moved into the war camps and forts with their husbands or other male relatives. Women became “camp followers” due to the problems, such as disease or enemy attacks, back home. They worked as nurses and cooks, and some even fought alongside with the troops. Washington, who was the leader of the American forces, did not favor this technique and viewed the camp followers as being disruptive and distracting to the troops. · ** Land Ordinance of 1785 ** - This was the biggest achievement of the Articles of Confederation. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided the western territory into ten districts and allowed the territories to become states when their population became higher than the population of the current lowest-populated state of the U.S. This increased western expansion, which was a huge achievement since the previously ruling British had restricted western expansion. · ** Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty ** - Established a complete separation between the state politics and the church. The Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty was established due to negative experience. Previously, the state governments and the church were closely unified, however did not get along very well and caused confusion and chaos. Americans did not want to repeat that experience. · ** Treaty with Spain (1786) ** - After unsuccessful negotiations with the British, the Americans planned on establishing a treaty with the Spanish. In the 1786 Treaty with Spain, the borders of Florida were reestablished by the Americans. In exchange, all Spanish territories and possessions in North America were recognized by the Americans. Also, the Americans agreed to limit themselves in using the Mississippi River for any purpose for twenty years. Not agreeing with the Mississippi limitation term of the treaty, the Americans in the South resisted ratification. · ** Battle of Fallen Timbers ** - Was initiated due to Native resistance of the Ordinance of 1785 and white expansion into the Northwest. After being defeated in two major battles by the Natives Americans, 4,000 American troops, led by General Anthony Wayne, entered the Ohio Valley in 1794 and defeated the Natives at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. This battle was followed by a treaty between the Americans and the Natives that temporarily resolved land disputes.